2RUN Engineering & Privacy Team
Core Research, Privacy & Browser Infrastructure Group • 2RUN OÜ ↗
About & Engineering Philosophy
The engineering, security, and web performance research collective at 2RUN OÜ (Tallinn, Estonia). We specialize in high-performance browser WebAssembly, multi-threaded Web Workers, and client-side zero-knowledge tooling to empower creators without compromising personal data.
Areas of Expertise & Technical Focus
🏛️Official Entity & Registration
Published Guides & Analyses (29)
View All Blog →Modern Image Format Conversion Matrix: AVIF, WebP, PNG, JPG, and SVG
Explore the complete technical conversion matrix comparing AVIF, WebP, PNG, JPG, and SVG. Learn compression algorithms, alpha transparency, HDR color depth, and browser-based conversion.
How to Embed, Subset, and Fix Missing Fonts in PDF Documents
Learn how to embed fonts, generate lightweight font subsets, fix missing glyphs, repair corrupted ToUnicode CMaps, and eliminate PDF font substitution errors without uploading files.
The Engineering Guide to GIF Optimization: LZW Compression, Color Quantization & Frame Editing
Master GIF89a engineering: LZW dictionary compression, Octree color quantization, frame delay timing, transparent pixel bounding boxes, and lossy compression.
PDF Imposition Explained: How to Arrange Pages for Saddle-Stitch Booklets & Duplex Printing
Master PDF imposition: arrange pages for saddle-stitch booklets, calculate page creep, build 2-up and 4-up signature sheets, and prep duplex print runs.
How to Batch Watermark Photos and Protect Digital Artwork: Alpha Blending & Copyright Metadata
Learn how to batch watermark photos and digital illustrations. Master alpha blending, diagonal tiling patterns, EXIF copyright stamping, and zero-upload security.
WCAG 2.2 Color Contrast and Accessibility: Testing for Color Blindness in Digital Images
Master WCAG 2.2 color contrast ratios (4.5:1, 7:1) and color vision deficiency simulation. Test images for Protanopia, Deuteranopia, and Tritanopia in browser.
How to Preflight PDF Files for Commercial Printing: CMYK, 300 DPI, Bleed Marks & Font Subsets
Master prepress PDF preflight: convert RGB to CMYK, eliminate raster pixelation with 300 DPI checks, configure 3mm bleed boxes, and embed font subsets.
Official Biometric Passport Photo Specifications: ICAO Standards, Background Removal & Sizing
Master international biometric photo requirements: ICAO Doc 9303, US 2x2 inch, EU 35x45mm, lighting, head-height ratios, background isolation, and 300 DPI print prep.
How to Compare Two PDF Files and Find Differences: Visual Diffing and Document Auditing
Learn how to compare two PDF documents side-by-side or overlay pixel-by-pixel. Master visual diffing, text deltas, and contract auditing with zero server uploads.
Custom QR Code Generator: How to Create High-Resolution Vector SVG & Image-Embedded QR Codes
Master QR code engineering: Reed-Solomon error correction, logo embedding, vector SVG generation, and high-resolution print preparation with zero backend tracking.
How to Linearize PDF for Fast Web Streaming and Instant Viewing
Master PDF linearization (Fast Web View) to optimize multi-page documents for instant streaming. Learn ISO 32000 Annex F architecture and HTTP byte-range serving.
Vector vs Raster: How to Convert PNG to SVG Without Quality Loss
Learn how vector tracing algorithms convert pixel bitmaps into mathematical Bézier curves. Master in-browser PNG to SVG conversion with zero quality loss.
How to Permanently Redact PDF Data and Sensitive Information
Learn true PDF redaction vs superficial black boxes. Scrub underlying text, hidden OCR streams, and metadata safely inside your browser without cloud leaks.
How to Convert PDF to JPG and Extract Embedded Images
Learn the difference between rasterizing PDF pages and extracting embedded XObjects. Convert PDF pages to high-res JPGs or extract raw images in your browser.
How to Convert PNG to ICO for High-Resolution Browser Favicons
Master the Windows ICO file format for website favicons. Learn multi-resolution layering (16x16, 32x32, 48x48) and generate crisp in-browser icons.
How to Reorganize, Delete, and Reorder PDF Pages Without Quality Loss
Master PDF page tree restructuring under ISO 32000. Reorder, rotate, delete, and duplicate pages losslessly in your browser without quality loss.
How to Compress Large PDF Files Without Compromising Visual Clarity
Learn the science of PDF compression. Downsample images, subset fonts, prune orphan objects, and optimize FlateDecode streams in your browser.
How to Merge Multiple PDF Files into One Document Seamlessly
Learn the mechanics of PDF concatenation under ISO 32000. Merge documents, combine bookmark outlines, resolve font collisions, and preserve quality.
PDF/A Compliance and Long-Term Archiving: The Complete Engineering Guide
Master the ISO 19005 standard for PDF/A archiving. Learn conformance levels (1b, 2b, 3b, 2u), font embedding, XMP metadata, and client-side validation.
How to Password Protect and Encrypt PDF Files Securely
Master PDF encryption under ISO 32000. Learn AES-256 vs RC4, User vs Owner passwords, permissions dictionaries, and browser-native air-gapped security.
How to Split and Extract Pages from Large PDF Files Without Quality Loss
Learn the mechanics of PDF page extraction under ISO 32000. Extract single pages, custom ranges, or burst binders in-browser with zero quality loss.
How to Flatten and Sanitize PDF Forms, Annotations & Signatures
Convert interactive AcroForms, signature widgets, and sticky annotations into permanent static page vectors to prevent tampering and lock documents.
WebP vs. AVIF: Next-Gen Image Formats Compared for Web Performance
Compare WebP vs AVIF image formats. Learn compression algorithms (VP8 vs AV1), browser support, HDR color, and optimal responsive web delivery.
How to Compress Images Without Losing Quality: The Definitive Guide
Master lossless and visually lossless image compression. Optimize PNG palettes, tune JPEG DCT quantization, and boost Core Web Vitals in-browser.
HEIC to JPG: How to Open and Convert iPhone Photos on Windows & PC
Learn why Apple uses HEIC and how to convert iPhone photos to standard JPG/PNG on Windows, Android, and web without cloud uploads or codec fees.
Why You Must Remove EXIF and GPS Location Metadata from Photos Before Sharing
Learn what EXIF metadata exposes: GPS coordinates, camera serial numbers, and personal identity. Strip metadata in your browser before sharing.
How to Convert Video to High-Quality GIF Animations Without Grain or Bloat
Learn the science of video to GIF conversion. Master color quantization, Floyd-Steinberg dithering, framerate optimization, and in-browser WebAssembly encoding.
Transparent Background PNG: How to Isolate Colors and Remove Backgrounds
Learn the mathematics of the RGBA alpha channel. Isolate colors, eliminate white backgrounds, and fix edge fringing in your browser without cloud uploads.
Client-Side Image Processing: Why Zero-Knowledge In-Browser Tools Protect Your Privacy
Discover how in-browser WebAssembly and Web Workers replace cloud SaaS uploads. Achieve 100% data privacy, zero file retention, and GDPR compliance.